House · Senate · Committees · The data

Kate D. Campanale

Republican 17th Worcester · House of Representatives
Recorded votes 2015 to 2018, 189th to 190th General Court. The record on this page begins where the readable record does, not necessarily where this member's service did.

Record card

Counts beside context, not grades. "Chamber median" is the typical member of this chamber in the same session; "own party median" the typical member of the same party. The strip shows every member as a tick and this one as a dot, with no order and no rank. How each measure is counted, and what it cannot tell you.

189th General Court, 2015 to 2016 · 1 roll calls, 0 of them divided

Measure	This member	Chamber median	Own party median	Chamber range	Where this member sits
Answered yea or nay	0% 0/1	n/a	n/a	n/a	too few to place
Recorded present	0% 0/1	n/a	n/a	n/a	too few to place
Not voting	100% 1/1	n/a	n/a	n/a	too few to place
After the roll closed	0% 0/1	n/a	n/a	n/a	too few to place
With the majority, on divided votes	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
With the chair, on divided votes	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
With own party's majority, on divided votes	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a

190th General Court, 2017 to 2018 · 211 roll calls, 114 of them divided

Measure	This member	Chamber median	Own party median	Chamber range
Answered yea or nay	100% 211/211	100%	100%	12 to 100%
Recorded present	0% 0/211	0%	0%	0 to 1%
Not voting	0% 0/211	0%	0%	0 to 88%
After the roll closed	0% 1/211	0%	0%	0 to 9%
With the majority, on divided votes	44% 50/114	100%	39%	6 to 100%
With the chair, on divided votes	44% 50/114	100%	39%	6 to 100%
With own party's majority, on divided votes	81% 92/113	100%	89%	70 to 100%

14 bills filed

As the primary sponsor. Cosponsored bills are on each bill's own page.

Session	Bill	Title	What happened
189th	H1896	An Act relative to the access of epinephrine in schools	in committee
189th	H2457	An Act relative to the minimum corporate tax	in committee
189th	H2458	An Act relative to the schedule of payment of estimated corporate taxes	in committee
189th	H331	An Act relative to educator evaluations	in committee
189th	H3433	An Act relative to sex offender notification	in committee
189th	H3466	An Act prohibiting the sale of electronic cigarettes to persons under the age of 18	in committee
189th	H4250	An Act establishing a tax credit and personal income tax deduction for student loan assistance	in committee
189th	H4740	An Act establishing a sick leave bank for Robert Hackett, an employee of the Department of Revenue	reported favorably
190th	H1480	An Act promoting student loan repayment	in committee
190th	H1481	An Act relative to the minimum corporate tax	in committee
190th	H1482	An Act relative to the schedule of payment of estimated corporate taxes	in committee
190th	H55	An Act establishing a sick leave bank for Robert Hackett, an employee of the Department of Revenue	Chapter 2 of 2017
190th	H735	An Act relative to sex offender notification	in committee
190th	H736	An Act relative to violent protection order violations	in committee

212 recorded roll calls

156 yea · 55 nay · 1 not voting

When	Roll call	Bill	Question	Answer	Tally
2016-06-08	No. 277	H4385	On passing to be engrossed the House Bill promoting energy diversity (House, No. 4385, published as amended).	NOT VOTING	154–1
2018-01-24 17:18	No. 306		QUORUM	YEA	148–0
2018-01-24 17:37	No. 307	H. 4134	On Engrossment	YEA	150–1
2018-01-31 15:02	No. 308	H. 4160	On Amendment 1	YEA	153–0
2018-01-31 15:05	No. 309	H. 4160	On Engrossment	YEA	153–0
2018-01-31 15:34	No. 310	H. 4116	On Engrossment	YEA	153–0
2018-02-14 14:43	No. 311		QUORUM	YEA	139–0
2018-02-14 15:31	No. 312	H. 4232	On Engrossment	YEA	152–0
2018-02-28 15:27	No. 313	S. 2296	On Engrossment	NAY	139–14
2018-03-15 14:46	No. 314	S. 2014	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	153–0
2018-03-15 16:10	No. 315	H. 4291	On Amendment 2	NAY	21–131
2018-03-15 16:35	No. 316	H. 4291	on adoption of consolidated amendment A	YEA	153–0
2018-03-15 17:35	No. 317	H. 4291	On adoption of the order	YEA	151–0
2018-03-22 17:13	No. 318	H. 4314	On Engrossment	NAY	118–30
2018-04-04 13:49	No. 319	H. 3995	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	154–0
2018-04-04 16:24	No. 320	S. 2371	on acceptance of Comm. of Confer. report	YEA	148–5
2018-04-04 16:52	No. 321	S. 2372	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	152–0
2018-04-05 15:01	No. 322	H. 4367	On Engrossment	YEA	145–0
2018-04-05 15:27	No. 323	H. 4366	On Engrossment	YEA	146–0
2018-04-11 14:28	No. 324		QUORUM	YEA	151–0
2018-04-11 14:48	No. 325	H. 4399	On adoption of the Order	NAY	120–33
2018-04-23 20:57	No. 326		On suspension of House Rule 1A	NAY	122–33
2018-04-23 21:05	No. 327	H. 4400	On Amendment 31	YEA	40–114
2018-04-23 21:45	No. 328	H. 4400	Consolidated "A" Education & Local Aid	YEA	155–0
2018-04-24 11:52	No. 329	H. 4400	Consolidated "B" Energy & Environ. Affairs	YEA	154–1
2018-04-24 16:38	No. 330	H. 4400	Consolidated "C" Veterans & Social Service	YEA	155–0
2018-04-24 16:51	No. 331	H. 4400	On Amendment 773	YEA	155–0
2018-04-24 20:19	No. 332	H. 4400	Consolidated "D" H.H.S. and Elder Affairs	YEA	154–1
2018-04-25 15:06	No. 333		QUORUM	YEA	149–0
2018-04-25 16:11	No. 334	H. 4400	On Amendment 347	NAY	10–145
2018-04-25 16:28	No. 335	H. 4400	On Amendment 227	NAY	136–19
2018-04-25 16:41	No. 336	H. 4400	Consolidated "E" Public Safety & Judiciay	YEA	152–0
2018-04-25 17:37	No. 337	H. 4400	Consolidated "F" Housing, M.H.& D.S.	YEA	154–0
2018-04-25 20:56	No. 338		On suspension of House Rule 1A	NAY	122–33
2018-04-25 21:09	No. 339	H. 4400	Consolidated "G" Public Health	YEA	154–0
2018-04-26 11:56	No. 340	H. 4400	Consolidated "H" Const Of, St Admin, Trans	YEA	153–0
2018-04-26 12:22	No. 341	H. 4400	On Amendment 1248	YEA	154–0
2018-04-26 12:42	No. 342	H. 4400	On Amendment 908	YEA	154–0
2018-04-26 14:46	No. 343	H. 4449	on acceptance of the Report	YEA	154–0
2018-04-26 16:37	No. 344	H. 4400	Consolidated "I" Labor and Economic Dev.	YEA	154–0
2018-04-26 16:40	No. 345	H. 4449	On Enactment State Loan	YEA	154–0
2018-04-26 18:58	No. 346		QUORUM	YEA	151–0
2018-04-26 19:33	No. 347	H. 4400	On Engrossment	NAY	150–4
2018-05-09 16:06	No. 348	H. 4479	On Engrossment	YEA	147–4
2018-05-16 14:24	No. 349	H. 4501	On Engrossment	YEA	149–3
2018-05-16 14:28	No. 350	S. 2372	On Enactment land taking	YEA	151–0
2018-05-23 14:05	No. 351	H. 4516	On Engrossment	YEA	149–4
2018-05-23 18:16	No. 352	H. 4517	On adoption of amendment #6	YEA	42–111
2018-05-23 18:24	No. 353	H. 4536	On acceptance of the conference report	YEA	151–2
2018-05-23 18:39	No. 354	H. 4517	On adoption of amendment #3	YEA	34–119
2018-05-23 19:29	No. 355	H. 4517	On adoption of amendment #12	YEA	36–117
2018-05-23 19:49	No. 356	H. 4517	On adoption of amendment #33	YEA	40–113
2018-05-23 19:54	No. 357	H. 4517	On adoption of amendment #35	YEA	36–117
2018-05-23 20:04	No. 358	H. 4517	On adoption of amendment #41	YEA	35–118
2018-05-23 20:43	No. 359	H. 4517	On Engrossment	NAY	139–14
2018-05-23 20:45	No. 360	H. 4536	On Enactment State Loan	YEA	151–2
2018-05-23 21:04	No. 361	S. 2509	On Engrossment	YEA	150–0
2018-05-30 14:10	No. 363	H. 2515	On adoption of amendment #1	YEA	151–0
2018-05-30 14:14	No. 364	H. 2515	On Engrossment	YEA	151–0
2018-05-30 16:34	No. 365	S. 2375	On Engrossment	YEA	151–0
2018-06-06 13:36	No. 366	H. 4549	On acceptance of the conference report	YEA	144–3
2018-06-06 14:48	No. 367	H. 4549	On Enactment State Loan	YEA	145–3
2018-06-06 15:02	No. 368	H. 4501	On Enactment State Loan	YEA	145–3
2018-06-06 15:40	No. 369	S. 2347	On Engrossment	YEA	147–0
2018-06-13 14:01	No. 370	H. 4606	On adoption	NAY	110–36
2018-06-13 19:12	No. 371	H. 4599	On adoption of consolidated amendment A	YEA	143–3
2018-06-13 19:22	No. 372	H. 4599	On Engrossment	YEA	143–3
2018-06-19 13:52	No. 373	H. 4617	"Shall decision of the Chair stand?"	NAY	115–34
2018-06-19 17:31	No. 374	H. 4617	On adoption of amendment #1	NAY	49–100
2018-06-19 21:02	No. 375		On suspension of House Rule 1A	NAY	115–34
2018-06-19 23:06	No. 376	H. 4617	On Engrossment	NAY	117–32
2018-06-20 12:21	No. 377	H. 4640	On Ordering to a third reading	NAY	112–37
2018-06-20 13:15	No. 378		"Shall decision of the Chair stand?"	NAY	116–34
2018-06-20 13:24	No. 379		"Shall decision of the Chair stand?"	NAY	115–35
2018-06-20 13:48	No. 380	H. 4640	On adoption of amendment #3	YEA	35–116
2018-06-20 14:44	No. 381	H. 4640	On Engrossment	NAY	126–25
2018-06-20 19:49	No. 382	H. 4640	On Enactment	NAY	119–24
2018-06-27 14:32	No. 383	H. 4664	On adoption of amendment #1	YEA	34–117
2018-06-27 14:43	No. 384	H. 4664	On Engrossment	NAY	137–14
2018-06-27 15:33	No. 385	H. 4665	On Engrossment	YEA	151–0
2018-06-27 16:45	No. 386	H. 4667	On adoption of amendment #12	YEA	38–112
2018-06-27 16:56	No. 387	H. 4667	On Engrossment	YEA	131–20
2018-06-28 13:27	No. 388	H. 4301	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	148–0
2018-06-28 13:49	No. 389	H. 4670	On acceptance of the conference report	NAY	133–15
2018-06-28 15:37	No. 390	H. 4670	On Enactment	NAY	133–15
2018-07-10 13:53	No. 391	H. 4197	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	145–0
2018-07-10 14:32	No. 392	H. 4714	On adoption of amendment #32	YEA	127–18
2018-07-10 21:07	No. 394	H. 4714	On adoption of consolidated amendment A	YEA	143–1
2018-07-10 21:18	No. 395	H. 4714	On Engrossment	YEA	143–1
2018-07-11 16:28	No. 396	H. 4730	On Engrossment	YEA	148–0
2018-07-11 17:16	No. 397		QUORUM	YEA	137–0
2018-07-11 17:50	No. 398	H. 4725	On further Amendment	NAY	111–36
2018-07-11 19:43	No. 399		QUORUM	YEA	129–0
2018-07-11 20:56	No. 400		On suspension of House Rule 1A	NAY	116–30
2018-07-11 21:25	No. 401	H. 4725	On Engrossment	YEA	147–0
2018-07-12 14:14	No. 402	H. 4749	On Engrossment	YEA	145–0
2018-07-12 15:38	No. 404	H. 4739	On Engrossment	YEA	146–0
2018-07-12 17:25	No. 405	H. 4738	On adoption of amendment 28	YEA	35–109
2018-07-12 18:32	No. 406	H. 4738	On Engrossment	YEA	146–0
2018-07-18 14:14	No. 407	H. 4800	On Suspension of the rules	NAY	113–36
2018-07-18 14:36	No. 408	H. 4800	On Acceptance of the conference report	YEA	143–6
2018-07-18 15:20	No. 409	S. 2260	On Engrossment	YEA	138–9
2018-07-18 17:29	No. 410	H. 4486	On adoption of the further amendment	YEA	146–3
2018-07-18 17:39	No. 411	H. 4800	On Enactment	YEA	143–6
2018-07-18 17:53	No. 412	H. 4516	On Enactment	YEA	144–4
2018-07-25 13:39	No. 413	H. 4268	On Enactment Land taking	YEA	152–0
2018-07-25 14:06	No. 414	H. 4806	On Acceptance of the conference report	YEA	152–0
2018-07-25 14:18	No. 415	S. 2631	On Acceptance of the conference report	YEA	152–0
2018-07-25 14:27	No. 416	S. 2512	On Enactment Land taking	YEA	152–0
2018-07-25 14:30	No. 417	H. 4261	On Enactment Land taking	YEA	152–0
2018-07-25 14:34	No. 418	H. 4561	On Enactment Land taking	YEA	152–0
2018-07-25 14:37	No. 419	H. 4312	On Enactment Land taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-25 14:39	No. 420	H. 4634	On Enactment Land taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-25 15:43	No. 421	H. 4810	On Engrossment	YEA	150–0
2018-07-27 14:09	No. 422	S. 2632	On Acceptance of the conference report	YEA	150–0
2018-07-27 14:29	No. 423	H. 4835	On Acceptance of the conference report	YEA	148–2
2018-07-27 14:47	No. 424	H. 4834	On Acceptance of the conference report	YEA	134–16
2018-07-27 14:50	No. 425	S. 2632	On Enactment	YEA	150–0
2018-07-27 15:58	No. 426	H. 4627	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	150–0
2018-07-27 16:06	No. 427	H. 4800	Item #0640-0300 MA. Cultural Council	YEA	142–8
2018-07-27 16:08	No. 428	H. 4800	Item # 2000-0100 EOEEA Administration	YEA	128–22
2018-07-27 16:11	No. 429	H. 4800	Item # 0339-1011 Re-Entry Programs	NAY	122–28
2018-07-27 16:13	No. 430	H. 4800	Item # 4000-0601 MassHealth Senior Care	YEA	147–3
2018-07-27 16:15	No. 431	H. 4800	Item # 7007-0801 Microlending	NAY	121–29
2018-07-27 16:17	No. 432	H. 4800	Item # 7000-9501 Libraries Local Aid	YEA	123–27
2018-07-27 16:19	No. 433	H. 4800	Item # 1595-6368 CTF/Transportation Fund	YEA	118–32
2018-07-27 16:21	No. 434	H. 4800	Item # 2800-0700 Office of Dam Safety	NAY	116–34
2018-07-27 16:24	No. 435	H. 4800	Item #8000-0313 Public Safety Prog Grants	YEA	147–3
2018-07-27 16:26	No. 436	H. 4800	Item #7002-0010 EOHDD Administration	NAY	117–33
2018-07-27 16:27	No. 437	H. 4800	Item #4590-0250 School Based Health Prog	NAY	120–30
2018-07-27 16:29	No. 438	H. 4800	Item #2330-0100 Div of Marin Fish Admin	NAY	117–33
2018-07-27 16:32	No. 439	H. 4800	Item #8324-0000 Dept of Fire Services	YEA	149–1
2018-07-27 16:34	No. 440	H. 4800	Item #9110-1630 Home Care Purchase Serv	NAY	118–32
2018-07-27 16:36	No. 441	H. 4800	Item #8100-1001 Dept of State Police	YEA	141–9
2018-07-27 16:38	No. 442	H. 4800	Item #1599-0026 Regionalization Grants	YEA	124–26
2018-07-27 16:40	No. 443	H. 4800	Item #2800-0100 DCR Administration	NAY	116–34
2018-07-27 16:42	No. 444	H. 4800	Item #4513-1111 Health Promotion	NAY	127–23
2018-07-27 16:44	No. 445	H. 4800	Item #5920-2025 DDS Day & Work Programs	YEA	128–22
2018-07-27 16:46	No. 446	H. 4800	Item #7077-0023 Tufts Veterinary	YEA	126–24
2018-07-27 16:48	No. 447	H. 4800	Item #8200-0200 Municipal Police Training	YEA	131–19
2018-07-27 16:50	No. 448	H. 4800	Item #7002-0036 Urban Development Grants	NAY	116–34
2018-07-27 16:51	No. 449	H. 4800	Item #7003-0803 One-Stop Career Centers	NAY	117–33
2018-07-27 16:55	No. 450	H. 4800	Item #2810-0122 State parks, Recreation	YEA	144–6
2018-07-27 17:04	No. 451	H. 1390	Shall this bill stand over Gov objection	NAY	116–34
2018-07-30 13:51	No. 452	H. 4841	On Acceptance of the conference report	NAY	119–30
2018-07-30 14:38	No. 453	H. 1128	suspension of Rule 7A	NAY	116–34
2018-07-30 14:47	No. 454	H. 4001	On Engrossment	YEA	150–0
2018-07-30 15:11	No. 455	H. 4835	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	148–0
2018-07-30 15:19	No. 456	H. 4800	On Suspension of Rule 7A	NAY	114–34
2018-07-30 15:25	No. 457	H. 4800	Item #7006-0011 Loan Origin. & Counsel	YEA	116–33
2018-07-30 15:29	No. 458	H. 4800	Item #4403-2000 TAFDC Grant Payments	YEA	118–30
2018-07-30 15:32	No. 459	H. 4800	Item #1599-4417 Collins Center	YEA	119–30
2018-07-30 15:36	No. 460	H. 4800	Item #7006-0142 Public Safety & Inspect.	NAY	121–28
2018-07-30 15:39	No. 461	H. 4800	Item #4512-0500 Dental Health Program	NAY	123–26
2018-07-30 15:43	No. 462	H. 4800	Item #4513-1121 STOP Stroke Program	YEA	149–0
2018-07-30 15:47	No. 463	H. 4800	Item #7007-0300 Office of Business Dev.	NAY	119–30
2018-07-30 15:51	No. 464	H. 4800	Item #5911-1003 DDS Administration	YEA	149–0
2018-07-30 15:55	No. 465	H. 4800	Item #7002-0020 Manufacturing Pilot Prog.	NAY	117–33
2018-07-30 15:57	No. 466	H. 4800	Item #4000-0014 EMK Community Health	YEA	129–21
2018-07-30 16:00	No. 467	H. 4800	Item #4000-0300 EOHHS and MassHealth	YEA	139–11
2018-07-30 16:03	No. 468	H. 4800	Item #4000-0700 MassHealth Fee-for-serv	YEA	123–27
2018-07-30 16:05	No. 469	H. 4800	Item #7003-1206 Mass. Service Alliance	NAY	116–34
2018-07-30 16:07	No. 470	H. 4800	Item #4510-0600 Environmental Health Prog	NAY	116–34
2018-07-30 16:09	No. 471	H. 4800	Item #7007-0952 Zoological Corporation	NAY	116–34
2018-07-30 16:12	No. 472	H. 4800	Item #2511-0100 DAR Administration	NAY	130–20
2018-07-30 16:15	No. 473	H. 4800	Item #2800-0501 DCR Seasonals	YEA	123–27
2018-07-30 16:18	No. 474	H. 4800	Item #7004-0099 DHCD Administration	NAY	119–31
2018-07-30 16:21	No. 475	H. 4800	Item #4200-0200 Pre-Trial Residential	NAY	121–29
2018-07-30 16:23	No. 476	H. 4800	Item #1450-1266 Academic Detailing	NAY	119–31
2018-07-30 16:26	No. 477	H. 4800	Item #4000-0328 State Plan Amend Support	NAY	116–34
2018-07-30 16:29	No. 478	H. 4800	Item #7061-9401 Assessment Consortium	NAY	118–33
2018-07-30 16:32	No. 479	H. 4800	Item #7008-1116 Local Econ. Dev. Grants	YEA	146–5
2018-07-30 16:43	No. 480	H. 4823	on adoption of Gov. Amendment	YEA	37–114
2018-07-31 12:28	No. 482	H. 4103	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 12:30	No. 483	H. 4633	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	150–0
2018-07-31 12:32	No. 484	H. 4636	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 12:33	No. 485	H. 4689	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 12:37	No. 486	H. 4717	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 13:20	No. 487	S. 2633	On Engrossment	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 13:32	No. 488	H. 4760	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 13:45	No. 489	H. 4816	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	150–0
2018-07-31 13:47	No. 490	H. 4839	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 13:49	No. 491	H. 4818	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 14:27	No. 492	H. 4857	On Acceptance of the conference report	YEA	150–1
2018-07-31 14:45	No. 493	S. 2395	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 14:47	No. 494	S. 2582	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 14:48	No. 495	S. 2559	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 14:50	No. 496	S. 2603	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 17:18	No. 497	H. 4265	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 17:21	No. 498	H. 4813	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 17:22	No. 499	H. 4814	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 17:26	No. 501	S. 2319	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 17:28	No. 502	H. 4688	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 17:29	No. 503	H. 4853	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 19:08	No. 504	S. 2576	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 19:11	No. 505	H. 4803	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 19:13	No. 506	H. 4854	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 19:14	No. 507	H. 4855	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 19:16	No. 508	H. 4856	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 19:38	No. 509	S. 2583	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA *	151–0
2018-07-31 20:02	No. 510	H. 4838	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 20:07	No. 511	S. 2540	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 20:48	No. 512		On suspension of House Rule 1A	NAY	124–26
2018-07-31 23:10	No. 513	H. 1102	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 23:25	No. 514	H. 4742	On Enactment	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 23:35	No. 515	H. 4373	On Enactment	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 23:41	No. 516	H. 4689	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-07-31 23:59	No. 517	S. 2347	On Acceptance of the conference report	YEA	151–0
2018-08-01 00:40	No. 518	H. 4732	On Enactment state loan	YEA	151–0
2018-08-01 00:42	No. 519	H. 4867	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	151–0
2018-08-01 00:44	No. 520	S. 2369	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	150–0
2018-08-01 01:12	No. 521	H. 4757	On Enactment Land Taking	YEA	150–0

Every row links to the roll call it came from, and that page links to the Clerk's own sheet. Counts here are a list, not a score: a chamber that records few votes, and records them mostly when it already agrees, makes any rate from this list a fact about the chamber's rules before it is a fact about the member.